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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*jAmak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"helper face="Times New Roman Star"помощник face="Times New Roman Star"jamak face="Times New Roman Star"jamag| (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"r ( ? *o"r) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"long (of time) face="Times New Roman Star"долгий (о времени) face="Times New Roman Star"u"r (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"r face="Times New Roman Star"o"r face="Times New Roman Star"o"r face="Times New Roman Star"u"r face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 193, VEWT 522, Лексика 84, Stachowski 200.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sil face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"horse that eats too little food face="Times New Roman Star"слишком мало едящая лошадь face="Times New Roman Star"sil at (MK); sil kis?i 'abstemious person' face="Times New Roman Star"OT = Mong. sila buli ideku 'to eat without appetite'
face="Times New Roman Star"*u":k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to grind, crush, rub face="Times New Roman Star"молоть, крошить, растирать face="Times New Roman Star"o"gi- ( ? u"-) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"gi- ( ? u"-) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"t-, o"vu"t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"k- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu"t- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"k- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ju"t- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"vi-, u"vu"t- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"k- face="Times New Roman Star"u"k- face="Times New Roman Star"u":t- face="Times New Roman Star"u"k-, u"gi- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101-102, ЭСТЯ 1, 618-619. The root clearly has a *-k-, with a development > *-g- > *-g|- in Oghuz pointing to an original long vowel. It should be therefore distinguished from PT *o"g- 'to knead, press' which shows only reflexes of *-g-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ajyt- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to rub off, peel off face="Times New Roman Star"стирать, сдирать шкуру face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt-la-, ajyk-la- face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 12, Radloff 1, 48, 222. Cf. also Khak. ajg|y 'smooth, polished' (VEWT 11).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tugur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of tent 2 tent covering face="Times New Roman Star"1 вид шатра 2 покрышка шатра face="Times New Roman Star"turluk (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ur 1, tug|urluq 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"durluq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu:rduq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tuwyrluq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tuwyrluq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 515. Tur. turluk, Turkm. durluG show irregular reflexation; we may be dealing with some interlingual loans here; the quality of the initial dental in PT is thus not quite clear.
face="Times New Roman Star"*topon face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 straw 2 chaff, bran face="Times New Roman Star"1 солома 2 мякина, полова face="Times New Roman Star"topun 'wheat chaff' (MK ; EDT glosses 'a lump of food', probably incorrectly) face="Times New Roman Star"tuban 2 (Тумашева 216) face="Times New Roman Star"to.po|n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tova:n, tofa:n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toban 'хлебная пыль, труха' face="Times New Roman Star"typyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"toban 1 face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 8; despite Tekin 1969 , 65 should be kept distinct from *topraq 'dust'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAj face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 shaman spirit 2 throat singing face="Times New Roman Star"1 шаманский дух 2 горловое пение face="Times New Roman Star"qaj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajla- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajla- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"> Mari xoj 'Gespra"ch' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221. If the original meaning is 'air movement' (cf. the external evidence), cf. also Chuv. ku" 'strong odour'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*omac?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 scoop face="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться 2 черпак face="Times New Roman Star"omac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"omas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"umus- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oma:s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 361, 514.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ap / *Ep face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"emphatic strengthening particle face="Times New Roman Star"эмфатическая усилительная частица face="Times New Roman Star"ap / ep (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ap (XIV c.), apac?yk 'quite, completely' face="Times New Roman Star"apz?|yG 'however' face="Times New Roman Star"apej 'an emphatic interjection' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 3.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"gse(k) < *bo"s-ge(k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a part of human or animal trunk face="Times New Roman Star"часть туловища face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gsig 'some part of body (belly?)' (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kseg 'woman's breast; upper part of chest' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"kse| 'belly; bird crop' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kse 'the part of a human or animal body above the waist' (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu.ksa 'side part of the body below the breast and down to the hip; (dial.) lower part of body' face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|z/exe 'crop' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"sko"-j- 'to appear abdominous' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"skek 'bird's breast' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ksek 'bird's breast' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kso" 'side of body; foot-hill' face="Times New Roman Star"bu"kt|a" 'short person (abusive)' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ksu"n 'half of animal carcass' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 329, VEWT 84, 83, ЭСТЯ 2, 213-214, Лексика 278. Forms without -k meaning 'buttock' or 'lower part of body' are most probably borrowed < Mong. *bo"gse, having quite different origin (see under *pi_oko) - although some contaminations were not excluded.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su:r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"grey face="Times New Roman Star"серый, бурый face="Times New Roman Star"sory face="Times New Roman Star"su:r face="Times New Roman Star"sur face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|rъw| face="Times New Roman Star"sur face="Times New Roman Star"sur face="Times New Roman Star"hor, ho"ro" face="Times New Roman Star"sur face="Times New Roman Star"sur face="Times New Roman Star"su"r face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 433, TMN 3, 287, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bol face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"abundant, full face="Times New Roman Star"обильный, полный face="Times New Roman Star"bol face="Times New Roman Star"mul face="Times New Roman Star"bo|l (Chag.), mo|l (Uzb.) face="Times New Roman Star"bol face="Times New Roman Star"pu"le-mes; pu"l-l@ 'stalwart' face="Times New Roman Star"mol face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 184-185.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:tag face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sacrifice 2 price, sale 3 engagement, votive 4 gift face="Times New Roman Star"1 жертвоприношение 2 цена, продажа 3 помолвка, обет 4 подарок face="Times New Roman Star"adag| 1, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"adax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"a:daG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ada 1 face="Times New Roman Star"aty: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5. All the listed forms may be derived from *a:ta- `to name' ( < *a:t `name'), but the specific meanings rather suggest a secondary contamination.
face="Times New Roman Star"*solak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 spleen 2 gills face="Times New Roman Star"1 селезенка 2 жабры face="Times New Roman Star"solaq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"palyx sulazy 'молоки' (Борг. , Kach.) face="Times New Roman Star"sola 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 427, EDT 826, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEn|ir/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 face 2 be similar 3 open forestless place on a mountain slope face="Times New Roman Star"1 внешность, вид, лицо 2 быть похожим 3 открытое безлесное место на склоне горы face="Times New Roman Star"ben|iz (Orkh.), men|iz (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"men|iz 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"beniz 1, benze- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ben|iz, men|iz 1 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n|iz 'cheek' face="Times New Roman Star"ba"niz 1, ba"nza"- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men|iz 1, men|ze- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"mi:s 1 (Верб. - Abak.) face="Times New Roman Star"me:s 3 face="Times New Roman Star"me:s 3 face="Times New Roman Star"me: s 3 face="Times New Roman Star"men|ze- 'to consider useful' face="Times New Roman Star"beniz 1, benze- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ben|z 1, ben|ze- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"megze- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 70, EDT 352, Лексика 208, ЭСТЯ 7, ФиЛ 207. In Chuv. cf. either min 'face colour' (if not = min 'red spot on face', see Лексика 208) or *pan| > Proto-Perm.*ban| (Лыткин-Гуляев 37). Turk. > MMong. men|iz 'comparison, metaphor' (Щербак 1997 , 129).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ber face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"swelling, gland face="Times New Roman Star"железа, желвак face="Times New Roman Star"berc? face="Times New Roman Star"mir face="Times New Roman Star"par face="Times New Roman Star"bert / berge face="Times New Roman Star"beris?ek 'thick pus' (R )
face="Times New Roman Star"*it- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to push, hit face="Times New Roman Star"толкать, ударять face="Times New Roman Star"it- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"i>t- face="Times New Roman Star"it- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"itar- face="Times New Roman Star"ita"r- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"i>t- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"it-, ijt- face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"it-, u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"i>jter- face="Times New Roman Star"i>t- face="Times New Roman Star"jitir- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"ijter- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 38, VEWT 174, ЭСТЯ 1, 386-387, Stachowski 129, 254.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jelo" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tether, rope for calves face="Times New Roman Star"веревка для привязывания жеребят, телят face="Times New Roman Star"jelu" (MK ) ( ? jalu) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ele (DS) face="Times New Roman Star"jele (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ele (Pav. C. ) 'string, bow-string' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|el@ face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ili (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|a"la" face="Times New Roman Star"jele, d/ele face="Times New Roman Star"sele face="Times New Roman Star"c?ele face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ele face="Times New Roman Star"z?eli face="Times New Roman Star"jele (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?elle face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, ЭСТЯ 4, 21-22. Turk. > WMong. z?|ele (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 125).
face="Times New Roman Star"*eru"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 plum 2 apricot face="Times New Roman Star"1 слива 2 абрикос face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u">ri>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k (AH ) 'peach', o"ru"k (Abush. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o.ri.k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a"rik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ori>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u">ru">k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ierik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"x 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 222, ЭСТЯ 1, 291-292.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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